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Lipan is an Eastern Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Lipan Apache. In 1981, it was reported that there were only 2 or 3 elderly speakers still alive. ==Bibliography== * Breuninger, Evelyn; Hugar, Elbys; Lathan, Ellen Ann; & Rushforth, Scott. (1982). ''Mescalero Apache dictionary''. Mescalero, NM: Mescalero Apache Tribe. * Gatschet, Albert S. (). Lipan words, phrases, and sentences. (Unpublished manuscript No. 81, Bureau of American Ethnology Archives, Smithsonian Institution). * Gatschet, Albert S. (). Lipan words, clans, and stories. (Unpublished manuscript No. 114, Bureau of American Ethnology Archives, Smithsonian Institution). * Goddard, Pliny E. (). Lipan texts. (Unpublished manuscript in Archives of Traditional Music, Indiana University, Bloomington.) * Hoijer, Harry. (n.d.). Lipan texts. (Available from the American Philosophical Society, Chicago.) (Unpublished field notes, includes handwritten transcription and typed versions, 4 texts, one text published as Hoijer 1975). * Hoijer, Harry. (1938). The southern Athapaskan languages. ''American Anthropologist'', ''40'' (1), 75-87. * Hoijer, Harry. (1942). Phonetic and phonemic change in the Athapaskan languages. ''Language'', ''18'' (3), 218-220. * Hoijer, Harry. (1945). The Apachean verb, part I: Verb structure and pronominal prefixes. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''11'' (4), 193-203. * Hoijer, Harry. (1946). The Apachean verb, part II: The prefixes for mode and tense. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''12'' (1), 1-13. * Hoijer, Harry. (1946). The Apachean verb, part III: The classifiers. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''12'' (2), 51-59. * Hoijer, Harry. (1948). Linguistic and cultural change. ''Language'', ''24'' (4), 335-345. * Hoijer, Harry. (1956). Athapaskan kinship systems. ''American Anthropologist'', ''58'' (2), 309-333. * Hoijer, Harry. (1956). The chronology of the Athapaskan languages. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''22'' (4), 219-232. * Hoijer, Harry. (1975). The history and customs of the Lipan, as told by Augustina Zuazua. ''Linguistics: An international review'', ''161'', 5-37. * Jung, Dagmar. (2000). “Word Order in Apache Narratives.” In ''The Athabaskan Languages''. (Eds. Fernald, Theodore and Platero, Paul). Oxford: Oxford UP. 92-100. * Opler, Morris E. (1936). ''The kinship systems of the southern Athabaskan-speaking tribes''. ''American Anthropologist'', ''38'', 620-633. * Webster, Anthony. (1999). "Lisandro Mendez’s ‘Coyote and Deer’: On narrative structures, reciprocity, and interactions.” ''American Indian Quarterly''. 23(1): 1-24. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lipan language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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